Caviar

Caviar is a premium food made from the salt-cured roe of the sturgeon.

Lastest Updated May 27, 2024
Verified by A-Z Cuisines Team
  • Exotic
  • Traditional
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Fact: Almas caviar is among the world’s most expensive foods in the world, costing US$ 34,500 per kilogram.

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Basic Information

Caviar: Basic Information

Pronunciation

/ka-vee-aar/

Alternative Name(s)

Caviare

Dish Type

Raw dishes

Course

Appetizer

Mealtime

Anytime

Popular Variations

Origin and Region

Caviar: Origin and Region

Origin

Kievan Rus’ (the cultural ancestor of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus)

Continent’s Region

Eastern Europe, Northern Asia

Country’s Region

Caspian Sea Region

Associated Region

Unspecified
Caviar Origin Map
Ingredients and Preparation

Caviar: Ingredients and Preparation

Main Ingredients

Sturgeon roe

Main Cooking Method

Curing

Preparation Process

The roe is harvested from the sturgeon, rinsed, salted, and packaged fresh or after being pasteurized
A Deep Dive

Caviar: A Deep Dive

Cultural Significance

An expensive delicacy showing prestige and luxury

Taste

Savory

Texture

Delicately firm, buttery, and creamy

Aroma

Slightly briny and fishy

Color

Mostly black, silver, brown, gray, or amber gold

Serving Style

Served raw in a small amount on its own or with accompaniments

Serving Temperature

Chilled

Accompaniment

Unsalted bread, blini, hard-boiled eggs, sour cream, creme fraiche, oysters, champagne, and vodka

Occasions

On any occasions

Seasons

Year-round

Special Diets

Gluten-free

Calories

42 calories, according to data of USDA for one tablespoon (16 grams) of caviar

Popularity

Worldwide, especially in Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, United Kingdom, United States, and China

Popular Similar Dishes

No

Popular Dining Area

Fine-dining restaurants, caviar bars, households

Caviar is a type of traditional food prepared from the salt-cured roe (fish eggs) of sturgeons. The roe is made of unfertilized fish eggs that won’t hatch into fishlings.

Caviar Infographic

Caviar is an exotic and premium delicacy usually sold in tin cans at high prices.

Authentic caviar is often available in black, grey, brown, or gold (rarely) and comes with a unique flavor profile. Plus, this expensive food is always served raw and never cooked.

Read on, and you will discover amazing facts about caviar, like its history, the reasons behind its exorbitant price tags, how it is harvested, what it tastes like, the appropriate methods of serving and storing it, and its health benefits.

I will also tell you about the pros and cons of caviar and common questions about the costly delicacy. Finally, there is often a lot of confusion between caviar and ordinary fish roe, so let me clear up the misunderstanding for you.

Key Points

  • Caviar is made from salt-cured sturgeon fish roe.
  • Caviar is an expensive delicacy that is typically associated with luxury.
  • The flavor of caviar is distinctly rich and slightly salty, while its texture is delicately firm, creamy, and buttery.
  • People usually serve caviar raw, chilled, and on its own, but many foods are suitable accompaniments.
  • Caviar must always be refrigerated.
  • There are many essential nutrients in caviar, namely protein, minerals, and omega-3 amino acids.
  • Caviar is a type of fish roe, but not all fish roe is caviar.

Caviar Images

What Is the History of Caviar?

The cured sturgeon roe has existed since ancient times. Some of the earliest mentions of caviar date back to Kievan Rus’, an early Slavic state existing from the 9th to the 13th centuries and the cultural ancestor of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

The British royalty has a long-time love for caviar; in 1324, King Edward II enacted a statute decreeing that all sturgeons caught near the British coastline be the monarch’s personal property.

However, caviar only became an expensive delight in the 16th century. Since then, Russia and Iran have been major caviar producers from the Caspian Sea.

The best caviar varieties in the world are beluga caviar, osetra caviar, kaluga caviar, and sevruga caviar, among many others. The rarest type of beluga caviar is called Almas caviar.

Nowadays, sturgeon farms are helping bring down the price of caviar, with China and the US as major suppliers.

Some countries in the South Caucasus and Central Asia that border the Caspian Sea, like Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan, also have caviar industries.

Why Is Caviar Popular in Central Asia?

Caviar is a renowned delicacy in Central Asia, especially in Kazakhstan, because of these countries’ geographical proximity to the Caspian Sea.

This inland sea is one of the world’s most significant sources of sturgeon.

Read on to discover how people in Central Asia and other regions around the world harvest caviar from the sturgeon.

How Is Caviar Harvested?

People traditionally harvest the hard roe, the main ingredient of caviar, by stunning the sturgeon in cold water, slicing open the fish’s belly, and removing the two ovaries. The fish eggs are then rinsed, filtered, weighed, and cured with salt.

The process always kills the sturgeon, so there are some animal cruelty concerns about roe harvesting. Some modern techniques involve massaging the roe out of the fish without harming it, but these methods are still experimental.

Overall, caviar production requires many meticulous steps, adding to the price of the finished product.

Why Is Caviar So Expensive?

Caviar has a sky-high price tag because of the following 3 reasons: its association with luxury, the amount of work required to make it, and its unique flavor profile.

  • Luxury status: Caviar became an extravagant delicacy in the 16th century when Western royalty and aristocracy developed a strong liking for it. Prior to that time, only common people ate caviar, which was even served as prison food.

However, the preferences of the rich and powerful turned the salted roe into its current status: a symbol of wealth and luxury.

Today, 1 ounce of high-end caviar usually fetches from US$ 100 to US$ 250 or even higher, whereas more affordable varieties range between US$ 50 and US$ 80.

  • Demands for time and effort: A sturgeon needs between 8 to 20 years to reach maturity and start laying eggs, and each one only gives a single yield.

In addition, every step of the caviar-making process is usually done by hand since machinery doesn’t have the required skill.

  • Unique flavor profile: Caviar is expensive because of its addictive flavor profile found in no other food. Many people describe caviar tastes like the sea, with a wonderful texture and aromas to boot.

What Does Caviar Taste Like?

Caviar has an umami-packed flavor enhanced with a slightly salty and fishy undertone. High-quality caviar leaves a smooth mouthfeel and a rich finish.

In addition, the salted roe boasts a subtle scent of brine that reminds of the seas and a creamy, buttery, and pleasantly firm texture. The fish eggs should pop in your mouth.

But the flavor of caviar also depends on many other factors, such as its variety. Here are the flavors of the 10 most well-known caviar types:

To bring out the exquisite flavor of caviar, make sure that you serve it the proper way.

How to Serve Caviar?

To enjoy caviar like a pro, remember the following 4 things:

  • Chill caviar beforehand: Caviar should be chilled, ideally in the fridge, for a few hours before the meal.
  • Keep out the metallic utensils: Don’t use metallic plates and spoons, especially silverware, since they mess up badly with the delicacy flavor of caviar.

But stainless steel or gold utensils are good options. Other ideal choices include glass, porcelain, wood, or mother-of-gold.

  • Serve caviar in a small amount: Don’t be greedy with caviar; only take half a spoonful at a time. Consume your portion slowly, and don’t chew.
  • Choose the right accompaniments: While the cured sturgeon roe is best enjoyed on its own, it also pairs well with many types of foods and drinks.

What to Serve With Caviar?

You can enjoy caviar with the following dishes and beverages.

Unsalted Bread

Unsalted Bread

Unsalted bread is a type of bread made without salt. It has a neutral flavor, a chewier texture, and a lighter crust.

Blini

Blini

Blini is a type of Russian leavened thin pancakes usually made from wheat or buckwheat flour.

Hardboiled Egg

Hard-boiled Eggs

Hard-boiled eggs are eggs that are usually boiled for about 10 minutes or until the yolk and white are fully cooked.

Sour Cream

Sour Cream

Sour cream is a thick and tangy dairy product made by fermenting cream with lactic acid bacteria.

Creme Fraiche

Creme Fraiche

Crème fraîche is a European dairy product made by fermenting cream with lactic acid bacteria. It is thicker and fattier than sour cream.

Oysters

Oysters

Oysters are a type of premium shellfish that can be cooked or eaten raw.

Champagne

Champagne

Champagne is a sparkling wine originally made with grapes grown in the Champagne region of France.

Vodka

Vodka

Vodka is a clear distilled liquor with roots in Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe.

For the best caviar experience, correctly storing your salted sturgeon roe is important. Continue reading to learn how.

How to Store Caviar?

The best way to store caviar is to refrigerate it in the temperature range between 0°C to 5°C (32°F to 41°F).

An unopened can of caviar can last for 4 weeks, but once opened, the roe delicacy should be enjoyed within the day or stored for no more than 2 – 3 days. Freezing caviar isn’t recommended.

Follow the instructions above, and your caviar will provide you with all the health benefits it possesses.

Caviar On Ice Cubes
Caviar on ice cubes.

What Are the Health Benefits of Caviar?

Caviar is an exceptionally nutritious food rich in protein, beneficial fatty acids (omega-3), vitamins (C, D, and B12), and minerals (iron, calcium, and magnesium).

According to Healthline, caviar is capable of improving brain health, strengthening the immune system, increasing heart health, and slowing skin aging.

Nevertheless, caviar has a high content of calories and cholesterol, so moderate consumption is necessary. Continue reading to discover more upsides and downsides of caviar.

Pros and Cons of Eating Caviar

Below are the most prominent advantages and disadvantages of caviar.

Pros

  • Luxury and Prestige: Caviar is a status symbol associated with luxury, often served at high-end events and restaurants.
  • Unique Taste and Texture: Many people lovingly describe caviar as a burst of the sea with a slightly nutty flavor, an experience that few other dishes can offer.
  • Nutritional Value: Caviar is a powerhouse of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, and many minerals.
  • Culinary Versatility: Caviar is used in a variety of dishes, from appetizers to main courses. The delicacy also pairs well with certain drinks, like champagne or vodka.

Cons

  • Price: Genuine caviar is always expensive.
  • Ethical Concerns: The process of harvesting the roe from the sturgeon is usually fatal to the fish, raising ethical concerns.
  • Environmental Concerns: Both farming sturgeons and catching wild sturgeons for caviar cause negative environmental impacts, such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and water pollution.
  • Health Risks: Like other seafood products, caviar can pose health risks if not properly stored and handled. In addition, consuming large amounts might lead to health problems because of the high fat and cholesterol levels.

After learning about the pros and cons of caviar, distinguishing it from fish roe will help you diversify your choice.

What Are the Differences Between Caviar and Fish Roe?

Caviar stands out from ordinary fish roe in the following 5 aspects: species, prices, colors, flavors, and usage.

Now, it’s time to learn other top user questions about caviar that will help you consume it in the best way.

Caviar FAQs

No, cowboy caviar (or Texas caviar) isn’t made from sturgeon roe. Cowboy caviar is a bean salad with black-eyed peas in the southern US.

Yes, caviar is considered halal, though some Islamic scholars have different opinions. Don’t hesitate to check with relevant religious authorities or scholars if you want to make sure caviar is suitable for your diet.

Whether caviar is vegetarian or not depends on individual diet and ethics. Certain types of vegetarian diets allow fish eggs and caviar, while others don’t. People concerned with animal welfare usually exclude caviar.

Yes, babies above six months of age can enjoy caviar, but parents must start with a very small amount of caviar to avoid the risks of allergic reactions. Seeking advice from a pediatrician or nutritionist is also recommended.

Yes, pets like dogs and cats can eat caviar, but you should only feed them a small amount once in a while. Meanwhile, caviar isn’t suitable for many types of birds. For other kinds of pets, consult with a veterinarian before introducing caviar to them.

No, caviar isn’t shellfish but rather a type of fish egg.

Imitation caviar is a food product that is shaped like caviar and uses plant-based ingredients, such as mushrooms, fruits, or vegetables.

To purchase high-quality caviar, visit gourmet food stores or reliable online retailers. Don’t try your luck at supermarkets, as mass-produced caviar is only of average quality at best.

Yes, caviar sometimes causes unpleasant feelings because of many reasons. Caviar is a very rich food, so overconsuming it can result in discomfort. In other cases, spoiled caviar with a sour or excessively fishy smell, discoloration, or a mushy texture can lead to foodborne illnesses.

Caviar is a raw food, so pregnant women should refrain from eating it for safety reasons. Meanwhile, pasteurized caviar is safer for consumption but is considered inferior to unpasteurized caviar in terms of flavor and texture.

Adam Sam

Adam Sam

Senior Food and Drink Editor

Expertise

Food Writer & Recipe Developer, Recipe Tester, Bartender, Cooking-video Maker, Editor In Chief

Education

  • University of Gastronomic Sciences – Pollenzo (Italy) (MA Food Culture, Communication & Marketing)
  • Johnson & Wales University (US) (Baking and Pastry Arts)
  • Professional Bartender at HNAAu School (Vietnam, International Joint Training Program)

Adam Sam, an experienced food writer and recipe developer, is passionate about blending diverse culinary traditions, national dishes, and innovative beverages, showcasing his proficiency in both traditional and modern recipe testing.

As the Editor-in-Chief, he elevates culinary content from street food to fine dining, focusing on Western cuisine and types of drinks at azcuisines.com, and is professional in creating engaging cooking videos that simplify complex dishes and ingredients.

His passion for food is evident in his writing, where he uniquely merges various cultures, traditions, and contemporary trends, skillfully combining classic recipes with modern cooking methods.

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